Essential Idea
Genetic information in DNA can be accurately copied and can be translated to make the proteins needed by the cell.
Understanding, Application & Skills
U1 The replication of DNA is semi-conservative and depends on complementary base pairing.
U2 Helicase unwinds the double helix and separates the two strands by breaking hydrogen bonds.
U3 DNA polymerase links nucleotides together to form a new strand, using the pre-existing strand as a template. [The different types of DNA polymerase do not need to be distinguished.]
U4 Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA copied from the DNA base sequences by RNA polymerase.
U5 Translation is the synthesis of polypeptides on ribosomes.
U6 The amino acid sequence of polypeptides is determined by mRNA according to the genetic code.
U7 Codons of three bases on mRNA correspond to one amino acid in a polypeptide.
U8 Translation depends on complementary base pairing between codons on mRNA and anticodons on tRNA.
A1 Use of Taq DNA polymerase to produce multiple copies of DNA rapidly by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A2 Production of human insulin in bacteria as an example of the universality of the genetic code allowing gene transfer between species.
S1 Use a table of the genetic code to deduce which codon(s) corresponds to which amino acid.
S2 Analysis of Meselson and Stahl’s results to obtain support for the theory of semi-conservative replication of DNA.
S3 Use a table of mRNA codons and their corresponding amino acids to deduce the sequence of amino acids coded by a short mRNA strand of known base sequence.
S4 Deducing the DNA base sequence for the mRNA strand.
U2 Helicase unwinds the double helix and separates the two strands by breaking hydrogen bonds.
U3 DNA polymerase links nucleotides together to form a new strand, using the pre-existing strand as a template. [The different types of DNA polymerase do not need to be distinguished.]
U4 Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA copied from the DNA base sequences by RNA polymerase.
U5 Translation is the synthesis of polypeptides on ribosomes.
U6 The amino acid sequence of polypeptides is determined by mRNA according to the genetic code.
U7 Codons of three bases on mRNA correspond to one amino acid in a polypeptide.
U8 Translation depends on complementary base pairing between codons on mRNA and anticodons on tRNA.
A1 Use of Taq DNA polymerase to produce multiple copies of DNA rapidly by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A2 Production of human insulin in bacteria as an example of the universality of the genetic code allowing gene transfer between species.
S1 Use a table of the genetic code to deduce which codon(s) corresponds to which amino acid.
S2 Analysis of Meselson and Stahl’s results to obtain support for the theory of semi-conservative replication of DNA.
S3 Use a table of mRNA codons and their corresponding amino acids to deduce the sequence of amino acids coded by a short mRNA strand of known base sequence.
S4 Deducing the DNA base sequence for the mRNA strand.
Vocabulary | |
File Size: | 48 kb |
File Type: | doc |
Nature of Science
Obtaining evidence for scientific theories—Meselson and Stahl obtained evidence for the semi-conservative replication of DNA. (1.8)
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